Mongolia's Third-Neighbor Diplomacy in a Multipolar Order
Аннотация
Mongolia's foreign policy is defined by its geographic position between Russia and China and its deliberate cultivation of 'third neighbor' relationships. This report analyzes the evolution of this strategy, its domestic political foundations and its implications for regional stability.
Mongolia's third-neighbor policy emerged from the country's democratic transition and reflects a strategic desire to avoid excessive dependence on any single external partner. Over three decades, this approach has enabled Mongolia to maintain diplomatic autonomy while participating in regional and international institutions.
The report examines how economic interdependence with China coexists with Mongolia's political and cultural ties to third neighbors, and how land connectivity initiatives create both opportunities and vulnerabilities for Ulaanbaatar's foreign policy.
Ключевые тезисы
- Third-neighbor diplomacy is deeply embedded in Mongolia's democratic identity.
- Land connectivity creates new dependencies alongside new opportunities.
- Academic and cultural exchange remain underutilized diplomatic tools.
Источники
- Bat-Erdene, S. (2025). Nomadic Diplomacy in the 21st Century. Ulaanbaatar University Press.
Об авторе
Dr. Ba…S.
Director of Central Asian Studies
Dr. Bat-Erdene focuses on Mongolia's third-neighbor policy, land connectivity and the role of nomadic cultural heritage in contemporary diplomacy. He advises on cross-border research initiatives.
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